The following is a comprehensive compendium of recent major advances in the field of global solid-state batteries, covering technological breakthroughs, industrialization, and future planning:
I. Core technological breakthroughs
Short-circuit mechanism cracked (China)
Institute of Metals of the Chinese Academy of Sciences team, for the first time, through the in situ transmission electron microscopy, revealed the causes of the sudden short-circuit of solid-state batteries: lithium ions in the formation of defects in the electrolyte nano-scaled “root-like conductive pathway” triggering a chain reaction of “soft short circuit → hard short circuit”. The lithium ions form nanoscale “tree roots” at electrolyte defects, triggering a chain reaction of “soft short-circuit → hard short-circuit”.
Solution: The proposed organic-inorganic composite electrolyte is designed to fill structural defects through a three-dimensional polymer network, significantly inhibiting lithium metal precipitation and short-circuit risk, and removing key barriers to mass production.
Sulfide Electrolyte Performance Improvement
The sulfide electrolyte developed by Guoxuan Gaoxuan has improved ionic conductivity by 60%, enhanced air stability, and synchronized breakthroughs in gram capacity of positive and negative electrode materials, which has boosted the energy density up to 350Wh/kg (measured data).
BYD puts forward the theory of “solid-liquid same price”, that the cost of sulfide solid-state battery can be comparable to liquid ternary lithium battery after scale.
II. Key progress of industrialization
Pilot line landing and capacity planning
Guoxuan Gaoke: the world’s first 0.2GWh all-solid-state battery pilot line has been passed, with a yield rate of 90%, 100% localization rate of core equipment, and has started the test of loading; it is planned to build a 2GWh mass production line in 2026.
Ningde Times: cohesive battery energy density exceeded 500Wh/kg, is promoting civil electric aircraft project; sulfide all-solid-state battery target 2027 small batch mass production.
Yiwei Lithium Energy: 100 MWh pilot line commissioned in 2025, plans to launch high-power solid-state batteries in 2026, and mass production of 400Wh/kg products in 2028.
The vehicle installation timetable is clear.
Technical parameters of the mass production plan
BYD 2027 demonstration installation, 2030 mass production Sulfide route, energy density 400Wh/kg
China FAW 2027 small batch application Vehicle-grade battery cell (60Ah)
SAIC 2027 all-solid-state battery “light-activated batteries” Landing supporting ZhiJi L6/MG4 models
Mercedes 2025 prototype road test completed. System energy density 450Wh/kg
III. Mass Production Timetable and Market Forecast
2025-2027: Semi-solid batteries are first applied in high-end models (e.g., SAIC MG4), and full-solid enters into the key period of landing in the pilot line.
2027-2030: small-scale mass production of sulfide full-solid-state batteries, with energy density of 400-500Wh/kg and cost reduced to $1/Wh (TrendForce forecast).
After 2030, global shipments are expected to exceed 100GWh (EV Tank data), the market size of more than 250 billion yuan, accounting for 10% of the lithium battery market share.
Fourth, the industry chain synergistic innovation
equipment upgrading
dry process: become mainstream, fiberization equipment (such as Honggong Technology), and roller press precision requirements.
Isostatic pressure technology: solving the solid-solid interface contact problem, applied to electric core stacking and pressing (Nakonor layout).
Stacking machine: adapted to soft package encapsulation, increased precision requirements (first benefit technology, Liyuanheng to promote).
Material breakthrough
Anode: high-nickel ternary + nano-coating (Xiamen Tungsten Xinneng) to improve stability.
Negative electrode: short to medium-term silicon-carbon route (e.g., Guoxuan Gaoke), long-term iteration to lithium metal (Yinglian shares vaporization technology breakthrough).
Electrolyte: lithium sulfide scale cost reduction (research new materials, Haichen Pharmaceuticals layout).
V. Global competitive landscape
China: patent layout of the world’s first (35%), strong policy support (eight departments to jointly promote), and industrial chain integration accelerated.
Japan and South Korea: Japan’s patents accounted for 37% (the world’s highest), Samsung SDI plans to mass production of sulfide batteries in 2027; LG postponed polymer solid-state batteries to 2030.
U.S.: QuantumScape, Solid Power, and other startups cooperate with car companies, but industrialization progress lags behind China and Japan.
VI. Challenges and Prospects
Technical bottlenecks: solid-solid interface impedance, lithium metal anode cycle life, and low-temperature performance optimization still need to be broken through.
Cost control: lithium sulfide and lithium metal raw materials account for the bulk of the cost, relying on the scale of cost reduction (target 2030 to reach 0.6-0.7 yuan / Wh).
Application scenarios: take the lead in penetrating high-end electric vehicles (range > 1000 kilometers), unmanned aircraft (such as the Golden Dragon Feather order), humanoid robots, and other high-value-added areas.
Industrialization of solid-state batteries has moved from the “laboratory demonstration” to the “engineering verification” stage. 2025-2027 will become a key window period for the finalization of technology routes and pilot production expansion. China has a head start in patent layout, policy support, and industry chain synergy, but the core of international competition still lies in the interface engineering breakthroughs and cost control capabilities.
